Brominated Flame Retardants <!--webbot bot="PurpleText" PREVIEW="(Inds鎡tes af Milj鴖tyrelsen!)" -->
Appendix 3
Physical-chemical Properties of Brominated Flame Retardants
The following list of physical-chemical properties of brominated flame retardants is based on OECD 94 /1/ and IPCS 1997 /2/. The list include all brominated flame retardants in commercial use according to IPCS 1997 /2/. A few recently introduced compounds are added and for a few compounds additional information have been obtained from product literature. For these the source of information is indicated. The indicated uses of the flame retardants refer to IPCS 1997 and not the actual use in Danish production. The compounds are listed in order of CAS number.
Brominated flame retardants used for production processes in Denmark 1997
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)
| CAS registry number: | 79-94-7 |
| Chemical formula: | C15H12Br4O2 |
| Relative molecular mass: | 543.92 |
| Melting point: | 178-180癈 (180-184癈) |
| Boiling point: | 316癈 (approximately) |
| Specific gravity: | 2.18 |
| Flash point: | 178癈 |
| Vapour pressure: | < 1 mm Hg at 20癈 |
| Solubility: | 0.72 mg/litre water at 15癈 |
| Use as flame retardant: | Intermediate for epoxy, unsaturated polyester and polycarbonate resins. ABS, phenolic resins. |
Pentabromotoluene (5BT)
| CAS registry number: | 87-83-2 |
| Chemical formula: | C7H3Br5 |
| Relative molecular mass: | - |
| Melting point: | 299癈 |
| Flash point: | 280-282癋 |
| Specific gravity: | 3.15 at 20癈 |
| Solubility: | insoluble in water |
| Vapour pressure: | - |
| Use as flame retardant: | PE, PP, PS, unsaturated polyesters, SBR-latex, textiles, rubbers |
Tetrabromophtalic anhydride (TBPA)
| CAS registry number: | 632-79-1 |
| Chemical formula: | C8Br4O3 |
| Relative molecular mass: | - |
| Melting point: | 276-280癈 |
| Flash point: | - |
| Specific gravity: | 2.87 |
| Solubility: | insoluble in water (<0.1) |
| Vapour pressure: | 14.67 |
| Use as flame retardant: | Reactive intermediate for polyols, esters, imides, paper, textiles, epoxides |
Decabromodiphenyl ether (DeBDE
| CAS registry number: | 1163-19-5 |
| Chemical formula: | C12Br10O |
| Relative molecular mass: | 959.22 |
| Melting point: | 290-306oC (295-310); 300-305oC |
| Boiling point: | 425oC (not applicable under standard conditions) |
| TGA (% wt. loss at oC): | 1% at 319, 5% at 353, 10% at 370, 50% at 414, 90% at 436 |
| Specific gravity: | 3.04 at 20 oC (23.25) |
| Vapour pressure, mm Hg: | 250 oC < 1, 278 oC 2.03, 306 oC 5.03 |
| Solubility at 25 oC: | water20-30 mg/litre |
| Use as flame retardant: | HIPS, Thermoplastic polyesters, PA, textiles |
Dibromopentyl glycol (DBNPG)
| CAS registry number: | 3296-90-0 |
| Chemical formula: | C5H10Br2O2 |
| Relative molecular mass: | 261.97 |
| Melting point: | 109-110癈 (112癈) |
| Boiling point: | 134癈 at 1 mm Hg |
| Flash point: | - |
| Specific gravity: | 2.23 (solid) |
| Solubility: | 20 g/l water at 25癈 |
| Vapour pressure: | 10 mm Hg at 178癈; 25 mm Hg at 200癈 |
| Use as flame retardant: | Unsaturated polyesters, rigid PUR foams, intermediates, elastomers |
Decabromobiphenyl (DeBB)
| CAS registry number: | 13654-09-6 |
| Chemical formula: | C12Br10 |
| Relative molecular mass: | 943.17 |
| Melting point: | 360-380癈 |
| Flash point: | - |
| Density: | 3.2 g/cm3 |
| Solubility: | - |
| Vapour pressure: | - |
| Use as flame retardant: | ABS, polystyrene |
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)
| CAS registry number: | 25637-99-4 or 3194-55-6 |
| Chemical formula: | C12H18Br6 |
| Relative molecular mass: | 641.77 |
| Melting point: | 170-180癈 (decomposition > 200癈) |
| Flash point: | 162-171癈 |
| Specific gravity: | 2.24 (2.38 at 20癈) |
| Solubility: | insoluble in water |
| Vapour pressure: | < 133 Pa at 20癈 |
| Use as flame retardant | Expanded polystyrene, latex, textiles, coating, HIPS, unsaturated polyesters |
Pentabromodiphenyl ether (PeBDE)
| CAS registry number: | 32534-81-9 |
| Chemical formula: | C12H5Br5O |
| Relative molecular mass: | 564.75 |
| Melting point: | 202oC (estimated) |
| Flash point: | > 300 oC (decomposition starts above 200 oC) |
| Specific gravity: | 2.28 at 25 oC; 1.78 at 40 oC |
| Solubility: | Insoluble in water (9 x 10-7 mg/litre at 20 oC) |
| Vapour pressure: | 9.3 mm Hg at 22 oC (6.26-6.66) Torr at 25 oC) |
| Use as flame retardant: | Textiles, PUR |
N,N?Ethylene bis(tetrabromophtalimide)
| CAS registry number: | 32588-76-4 |
| Chemical formula: | C18H4Br8N2O4 |
| Melting point: | 446 oC |
| Vapour pressure: | - |
| Solubility 25 oC in g/litre: | In water negligible |
| Specific gravity: | - |
| Use as flame retardant: | HIPS, PE, PP, thermoplastic polyesters, PA, rubbers, PC, ethylene copolymers, ionomer resins, textiles |
Tetradecabromodiphenoxy benzene
| CAS registry number: | 58965-66-5 |
| Chemical formula: | C18O2Br14 |
| Relative molecular mass: | 1366.9 |
| Melting point: | 382癈 |
| Flash point: | - |
| Specific gravity: | 3.25 |
| Solubility: | <0.01 (25癈) |
| Vapour pressure: | - |
| Use as flame retardant: | Thermoplastic polyesters, PC, PA |
(Albemarle Corporation)
Brominated polyetherpoyol
| CAS registry number: | 68441-62-3 |
(Used for production in Denmark, but not included in the OECD or IPCS reports. No information on physical/chemical properties)
TBBPA carbonate oligomer (BC58)
| CAS registry number: | 71342-77-3 |
| Chemical formula: | ( C7H2 Br3O3) (C16H10Br4O3)x (C6H2Br3), x=3-5 |
| Relative molecular mass: | - |
| Melting point: | 230-260癈 |
| Flash point: | - |
| Specific gravity: | 2.2 |
| Solubility: | negligible in water |
| Vapour pressure: | - |
| Use as flame retardant: | PE, PP, ABS, PA, polyesters, PC, epoxy resins, unsaturated and linear polyester, phenolic resins |
Brominated styrene
| CAS registry number: | 88497-56-7 |
| Chemical formula: | (C8H8-xBrx)n, x=2.7, n?2000 |
| % Bromine: | 68.5 |
| Relative molecular mass: | - |
| Melting range: | - |
| Flash point: | - |
| Specific gravity: | 2.15 |
| Solubility: | insoluble |
| Vapour pressure: | - |
| Use as flame retardant: | - |
(Albemarle Corporation, 1997)
TBBPA carbonate oligomer (BC52)
| CAS registry number: | 94334-64-2 |
| Chemical formula: | (C7H5O2) (C16H10Br4O3)x, x=3-5 |
| Relative molecular mass: | - |
| Melting point: | 210-230癈 |
| Flash point: | - |
| Specific gravity: | 2.24 (2.38 at 20癈) |
| Solubility: | <0.1% in water at 25癈 |
| Vapour pressure: | - |
| Use as flame retardant: | - |
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